How does natural selection reduce the amount of genetic variation in a population? Also, how is the relationship of natural selection to fitness and reproductive success?
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How does natural selection reduce the amount of genetic variation in a population? Also, how is the relationship of natural selection to fitness and reproductive success?
{ 4 comments… read them below or add one }
The genes that don’t fit into the population die out because the carrier of that gene can’t reproduce (because of that gene). I hope that makes sense.
not sure about the first one, but here’s my guess: if certain animals fare better in their environment, natural selection allows them to survive & reproduce to pass their benefits on to the next generation, so only organisms with similar DNA will survive?
& the way that natural selection works is simple. if you can fight well, you will survive. surviving allows you to reproduce and by hereditary, your offspring will carry similar traits and will also be able to survive. by cutting out the less-able organisms, a species will eventually become better by helpful mutations being in more organisms. therefore, fitness would help fight for food, habitat, mating rights, and they would be perfect candidates to reproduce. also, if an organism has trouble reproducing, the potential offspring might also carry those troubles and be less able to serve their purpose as an organism in their species.
Ill try to give you an example – you have a mixed population on the street but someday everybody gets crazy about dark hairs and purple eyes – so these two traits would be favored and the other ones would have a hard time getting mates – over some time most people would have dark hair and purple eyes – that would be about reproductive success
fitness is more complicated but any woman wants to have a mate that can work and support so these traits would lead to a selection over time
both traits would favor a small amount of people which will become the dominant group over time so reducing the average gene pool
Selection means literally to select among possible alternatives. The alternatives are the variation, and if you select among them, you get less variation. In nature, the selection (or more precise, deselection) leads to either death of the individual before reaching reproductive maturity or the individual is neglected for reproductive purposes or has a reproductive defect.
Fitness is the degree of “adaptedness” of an organism versus his specific environmental conditions. The fitter, the better the chance of survival and hence reproduction. Environment here also includes for example possible predators and other factors. Natural selection deselects less fit individuals, and sexual selection, which is a specific form of natural selection, deselects less attractive or defective individuals.
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